refuge. Nevertheless, two reasons for this choice represent the spirit of the author. The first is that Ruth the Moabite, metaphorically, excellently represents “the other.” She was a woman in a man’s world; she was a widow and without a child in a group for which infertility was a mark of shame; she was a foreigner and also an enemy—in short, she represents perfectly what psychology calls “the repressed.” Her arrival in Bethlehem, inevitably, shakes the Judeans’ sociopolitical foundations. Second,
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